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01 · Pierwsza strona · przełącznik, na którym siedzi każdy rzeczownik
Policzalne czy nie
Policzalne · można postawić przed nimi liczebnik
- a book · two books
- an idea · three ideas
- a euro · fifty euros
- a suitcase · two suitcases
- takes a/an · takes a plural · takes many
Niepoliczalne · bez liczebnika, bez liczby mnogiej, bez a/an
- water
- money
- information
- advice
- furniture
- takes some · takes much · takes a piece of
: , : , , . , .
: , : , , , . , , : .
: , : , , , . — .
- .
- .
- .
- ?
- ?
· , | Co zrobić |
|---|
| Rzeczownik kończy się na… | Zasada | Przykład |
|---|
| most nouns | add -s | book → books |
| -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x | add -es | bus → buses · watch → watches |
| consonant + -y | -y becomes -ies | city → cities · baby → babies |
| -f, -fe | often becomes -ves | knife → knives · leaf → leaves |
| old survivors | no rule, learn them | child → children · man → men · foot → feet · tooth → teeth |
| same in both | nothing changes | fish → fish · sheep → sheep |
Złota zasada
, — , . , , , . , : , .
Uwaga
, : ( , ), - ( ), , ( , ).02 · Druga strona · ile, jak wiele
Ilości
Z policzalnymi
, , , — .
many booksa few friendsHow many people?
Z niepoliczalnymi
, , , — .
much timea little sugarHow much water?
Z jednymi i drugimi
, , , , , — .
some bookssome watera lot of friendsa lot of money
Bezpieczne wyjście
.
I have a lot of work.rather than: I have much work.
some
, „”.
I bought some bread.Would you like some tea?
any
, .
I don't have any money.Do you have any questions?
a few czy a little?
, . „, ”.
a few minutesa little patience
few i little bez a
: .
He has few friends.There is little hope.
Rzeczowniki, które siedzą po obu stronach przełącznika
, . ( ) ( , ). ( ) ( ). ( ) ( ). . „ ?”, „ ?”.
🇵🇱 Polski
, : , , , , , . „” , — .
Pieniądze są na stole. → The money is on the table.
🌍 Dla wszystkich
, : , , . , .
due paia di pantaloni → two pairs of trousers
Uwaga
, : , . , , — .I have two informations. → I have two pieces of information.
: , .
He gave me an advice. → He gave me some advice.
/ .
The money are on the table. → The money is on the table.
.
The news are good. → The news is good.
, : .
How much books do you have? → How many books do you have?
; .
We bought new furnitures. → We bought new furniture.
, .
She has beautiful long hairs. → She has beautiful long hair.
; .
- .
- .
- ?
- .
03 · Trzecia strona · teraz twoja kolej
Ćwiczenia
