Italian grammar

Indirect object pronouns

Italian has no cases: to say TO WHOM we do something we use the preposition a (a Marco) or a short indirect object pronoun (complemento indiretto). These pronouns (mi, ti, gli, le, ci, vi, gli) answer the question a chi? (to whom?). Note the difference from the previous sheet: the DIRECT object (lo, la...) = who? what?, while the INDIRECT object (gli, le...) = to whom? The biggest traps are: the verb piacere (it works “backwards”: mi piace = something is pleasing TO ME) and the pair gli (to him) vs le (to her), which are easily confused.

‹ Italian grammar

Level: A2 · 18 min of study

— Che cosa regali a Marco? — Gli regalo un libro. — E a Sara? — Le compro dei fiori. — A me piacciono i fiori! — Allora ti porto un mazzo anche a te. Ti telefono stasera, va bene?

Che cosa sono: a chi?

Look at the dialogue and notice that the words in bold replace the expression with the preposition a + person (a Marco, a Sara). The indirect object is the person FOR WHOM (or towards whom) the action goes — it answers the question a chi? (to whom?). Italian has no case ending: it has the preposition a + noun (regalo un libro a Marco) OR a short pronoun that replaces that expression: Gli regalo un libro. The key rule on position is the same as for the direct object: the atono (unstressed) pronoun stands IMMEDIATELY BEFORE the conjugated verb — nothing is inserted between the pronoun and the verb: Ti scrivo, Le telefono. Two forms are easily confused: gli = to him (a man), le = to her (a woman). Here the gender of the recipient is decisive.

  • — Che cosa regali a Marco? — Gli regalo un libro.
  • — Scrivi a Sara? — Sì, le scrivo subito.
  • Ti telefono stasera.
  • Ci hanno mandato un invito.

Keep learning for free

This is a preview. Sign up free for the full lesson, examples, exercises and AI correction.

Sign up free